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| Ra the Sun god and his goddess |
The Egyptian sun god Ra was said to sail his boat across the sky by day and carry it back through the underworld by night. This depiction of Ra is from the tomb of Nefertari
Sunday, 2 October 2016
They always have an explanation: Sun gods and goddess
The Egyptian sun god Ra was said to sail his boat across the sky by day and carry it back through the underworld by night. This depiction of Ra is from the tomb of Nefertari
New Drug May Help People with Alcohol Addiction Reduce Drinking
A new drug may benefit people with alcohol addiction, particularly those who are experiencing high levels of stress, a new study suggests.
The new study involved 144 people with alcohol use disorder, which is defined as drinking that causes them harm or distress, including problems at work and with relationships. At the start of the study, participants were consuming 10 alcohol drinks a day, on average.
The researchers randomly assigned participants to take either the new drug, called ABT-436, or a placebo (a "dummy pill") every day for 12 weeks. The study was double blinded, meaning that neither the participants nor the researchers knew which people had received the drug, and which had received the placebo.
Participants who took the drug ended up having more alcohol-free days during the 12-week study, compared with those in the placebo group. On average, participants in the drug group were able to abstain from alcohol for 51 days over the course of the study, while people in the placebo group were able to abstain for 42 days. [7 Ways Alcohol Affects Your Health]
The participants in the drug group also had fewer "heavy drinking" days (days in which they consumed more than 4 to 5 alcoholic drinks), compared with those in the placebo group. Participants in the drug group had 31 heavy drinking days during the course of the study, on average, and those in the placebo group had 38 heavy drinking days on average. However, this finding was not statistically significant, meaning it did not meet the researchers' criteria for a meaningful difference between the groups, and it could have been due chance. This means the researchers are less certain that the drug works to reduce the number of days on which people drink heavily.
But in participants who reported high levels of stress, the drug seemed to work better. Those who scored high on a test aimed at measuring their anxiety and tension reported 27 heavy drinking days, on average, if they were in the drug group, compared to 46 heavy drinking days if they were in the placebo group.
ABT-436 works by blocking the effects of a brain chemical called vasopressin, which is thought to play a role in regulating stress, anxiety and addictive behaviors, the researchers said.
It's thought that vasopressin may increase feelings of stress during alcohol withdrawal, which promotes more drinking. So blocking vassopressin with ABT-436 may lessen this stress effect, the researchers said. If that's the case, it makes sense that people with higher levels of stress could benefit the most from taking the drug, as seen in this study, the researchers said.
“Our findings suggest that potential future studies with drugs targeting vasopressin blockade should focus on populations of people with [alcohol use disorder] who also report high levels of stress,” study co-author Megan Ryan, a clinical project manager at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), said in a statement. NIAAA funded the study.
Side effects of ABT-436 included diarrhea and nausea, although most people who took the drug said that their side effects were mild. However, four people in the study stopped taking the drug because of diarrhea or nausea.
Although there are already four medications to treat alcohol use disorder that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration, these drugs are not effective for all patients, the researchers said. And so "continued research is needed to develop additional medications that are effective and safe for a diverse [alcohol use disorder] population," providing more options for doctors and their patients, the researchers wrote in the Sept. 23 issue of the journal Neuropsychopharmacology.
ABT-436 is an experimental drug manufactured by the pharmaceutical company AbbVie, Inc., which provided the drug for the study.
The new study involved 144 people with alcohol use disorder, which is defined as drinking that causes them harm or distress, including problems at work and with relationships. At the start of the study, participants were consuming 10 alcohol drinks a day, on average.
The researchers randomly assigned participants to take either the new drug, called ABT-436, or a placebo (a "dummy pill") every day for 12 weeks. The study was double blinded, meaning that neither the participants nor the researchers knew which people had received the drug, and which had received the placebo.
Participants who took the drug ended up having more alcohol-free days during the 12-week study, compared with those in the placebo group. On average, participants in the drug group were able to abstain from alcohol for 51 days over the course of the study, while people in the placebo group were able to abstain for 42 days. [7 Ways Alcohol Affects Your Health]
The participants in the drug group also had fewer "heavy drinking" days (days in which they consumed more than 4 to 5 alcoholic drinks), compared with those in the placebo group. Participants in the drug group had 31 heavy drinking days during the course of the study, on average, and those in the placebo group had 38 heavy drinking days on average. However, this finding was not statistically significant, meaning it did not meet the researchers' criteria for a meaningful difference between the groups, and it could have been due chance. This means the researchers are less certain that the drug works to reduce the number of days on which people drink heavily.
But in participants who reported high levels of stress, the drug seemed to work better. Those who scored high on a test aimed at measuring their anxiety and tension reported 27 heavy drinking days, on average, if they were in the drug group, compared to 46 heavy drinking days if they were in the placebo group.
ABT-436 works by blocking the effects of a brain chemical called vasopressin, which is thought to play a role in regulating stress, anxiety and addictive behaviors, the researchers said.
It's thought that vasopressin may increase feelings of stress during alcohol withdrawal, which promotes more drinking. So blocking vassopressin with ABT-436 may lessen this stress effect, the researchers said. If that's the case, it makes sense that people with higher levels of stress could benefit the most from taking the drug, as seen in this study, the researchers said.
“Our findings suggest that potential future studies with drugs targeting vasopressin blockade should focus on populations of people with [alcohol use disorder] who also report high levels of stress,” study co-author Megan Ryan, a clinical project manager at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), said in a statement. NIAAA funded the study.
Side effects of ABT-436 included diarrhea and nausea, although most people who took the drug said that their side effects were mild. However, four people in the study stopped taking the drug because of diarrhea or nausea.
Although there are already four medications to treat alcohol use disorder that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration, these drugs are not effective for all patients, the researchers said. And so "continued research is needed to develop additional medications that are effective and safe for a diverse [alcohol use disorder] population," providing more options for doctors and their patients, the researchers wrote in the Sept. 23 issue of the journal Neuropsychopharmacology.
ABT-436 is an experimental drug manufactured by the pharmaceutical company AbbVie, Inc., which provided the drug for the study.
Police arrest two men with human bones in Ogun
The police have arrested two men in Ogun State for being in possession of human bones.
Wole Oke and Wasiu Adesina were arrested on Friday at Ijemo Idi Aro area of Abeokuta while policemen attached to Oke Itoku Division led by the Divisional Police Officer, Abeni Farinre, were on routine patrol of the area.
The state Police Public Relations Officer, Abimbola Oyeyemi, said the two suspects on sighting the police team took to their heels, with one of them clutching a leather bag.
He said the police team chased after them and arrested them.
“On searching the bag with them, it was discovered that it contained human bones. On interrogation, one of the suspects, Wole Oke, confessed that they were the bones of his sister who died four years ago,” he said.
Oyeyemi, an Assistant Superintendent of Police, added that Oke revealed that a herbalist sent him to go and bring the bones for money ritual purpose.
Oyeyemi said the state Commissioner of Police, Ahmed Iliyasu, has ordered the transfer of the suspects to the State Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department, Eleweran, Abeokuta, for further investigation.
He said the CP has also directed that the herbalist mentioned in the matter must be arrested without further delay.
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Wole Oke and Wasiu Adesina were arrested on Friday at Ijemo Idi Aro area of Abeokuta while policemen attached to Oke Itoku Division led by the Divisional Police Officer, Abeni Farinre, were on routine patrol of the area.
The state Police Public Relations Officer, Abimbola Oyeyemi, said the two suspects on sighting the police team took to their heels, with one of them clutching a leather bag.
He said the police team chased after them and arrested them.
“On searching the bag with them, it was discovered that it contained human bones. On interrogation, one of the suspects, Wole Oke, confessed that they were the bones of his sister who died four years ago,” he said.
Oyeyemi, an Assistant Superintendent of Police, added that Oke revealed that a herbalist sent him to go and bring the bones for money ritual purpose.
Oyeyemi said the state Commissioner of Police, Ahmed Iliyasu, has ordered the transfer of the suspects to the State Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department, Eleweran, Abeokuta, for further investigation.
He said the CP has also directed that the herbalist mentioned in the matter must be arrested without further delay.
Please share with friends on Facebook on whatsapp
Kidnappers Release Wife Of Nigeria’s Central Bank Governor Emefiele
Margaret Emefiele, the wife of Nigeria’s Central Bank Governor, Godwin Emefiele who was kidnapped by heavily armed abductors on Thursday, has been released. A source close to Mr. Emefiele told our Saharareporters that Mrs. Emefiele who was kidnapped along the Benin-Agbor Road on Thursday alongside four others was released exactly 1 am on Friday Nigeria time.
Margaret Emefiele, the wife of Nigeria’s Central Bank Governor, Godwin Emefiele who was kidnapped by heavily armed abductors on Thursday, has been released.
A source close to Mr. Emefiele said that Mrs. Emefiele who was kidnapped along the Benin-Agbor Road on Thursday alongside four others was released exactly 1 am Friday Nigeria time.
Our source disclosed that the kidnappers who earlier demanded N1.5 billion released Mrs. Emefiele after receiving N80 million ransom.
Margaret Emefiele, the wife of Nigeria’s Central Bank Governor, Godwin Emefiele who was kidnapped by heavily armed abductors on Thursday, has been released.
A source close to Mr. Emefiele said that Mrs. Emefiele who was kidnapped along the Benin-Agbor Road on Thursday alongside four others was released exactly 1 am Friday Nigeria time.
Our source disclosed that the kidnappers who earlier demanded N1.5 billion released Mrs. Emefiele after receiving N80 million ransom.
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